1. AC-DC Adapter:

• Convenient and compact: Pre-built, plug-and-play solution.
• Power rating: Choose an adapter with a power rating sufficient for your fan’s wattage.
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2. Transformer and Rectifier Circuit:

• Step-down transformer: Reduces 220V AC to a lower AC voltage (e.g., 12V AC).
• Rectifier circuit: Converts AC to DC.
• Capacitor: Smoothes out voltage fluctuations.
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3. Switching Power Supply (SMPS):

• High efficiency: Typically over 80%, reducing energy waste.
• Smaller size: Compared to linear power supplies.
• Available as pre-built modules or DIY kits:
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Key Considerations:

• Fan’s power requirements: Ensure the converter can supply the necessary current.
• Safety: Implement proper insulation and grounding for AC connections.
• Heat dissipation: Consider heat sinks for transformers or power supplies, especially for high-power fans.
• Placement: Avoid placing the converter in areas with high moisture or condensation.
• Professional installation: Recommended for those unfamiliar with electrical work.

Additional Tips:

• Fuse: Add a fuse to the circuit for added protection against short circuits.
• Switch: Include a switch to easily turn the fan on and off.
• LED indicator: Add a LED indicator to show when the converter is powered on.