www.mbsm.pro , Practical Electronics for Inventors, Fourth Edition

Practical Electronics for Inventors, Fourth Edition

by: Paul Scherz, Dr. Simon Monk

Abstract: A fully updated, no-nonsense guide to electronics. Advance your electronics knowledge and gain the skills necessary to develop and construct your own functioning gadgets. Written by a pair of experienced engineers and dedicated hobbyists, Practical Electronics for Inventors, Fourth Edition, lays out the essentials and provides step-by-step instructions, schematics, and illustrations. Discover how to select the right components, design and build circuits, use microcontrollers and ICs, work with the latest software tools, and test and tweak your creations. This easy-to-follow book features new instruction on programmable logic, semiconductors, operational amplifiers, voltage regulators, power supplies, digital electronics, and more. Coverage includes: • Resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers • Diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits • Optoelectronics, solar cells, and phototransistors • Sensors, GPS modules, and touch screens • Op amps, regulators, and power supplies • Digital electronics, LCDs, and logic gates • Microcontrollers and prototyping platforms • Combinational and sequential programmable logic • DC motors, RC servos, and stepper motors • Microphones, audio amps, and speakers • Modular electronics and prototypes

 

Book Details

Title: Practical Electronics for Inventors, Fourth Edition

Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education: New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Athens, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, New Delhi, Singapore, Sydney, Toronto

Copyright / Pub. Date: 2016 McGraw-Hill Education

ISBN: 9781259587542

Authors:

Paul Scherz is a Systems Operation Manager who received his B.S. in physics from the University of Wisconsin. He is an inventor/hobbyist in electronics, an area he grew to appreciate through his experience at the University’s Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics and Department of Plasma Physics.

Dr. Simon Monk has a bachelor’s degree in cybernetics and computer science and a Ph.D. in software engineering. He spent several years as an academic before he returned to industry, co-founding the mobile software company Momote Ltd. He has been an active electronics hobbyist since his early teens and is a full-time writer on hobby electronics and open-source hardware. Dr. Monk is author of numerous electronics books, including Programming Arduino, Hacking Electronics, and Programming the Raspberry Pi.

Description: A fully updated, no-nonsense guide to electronics. Advance your electronics knowledge and gain the skills necessary to develop and construct your own functioning gadgets. Written by a pair of experienced engineers and dedicated hobbyists, Practical Electronics for Inventors, Fourth Edition, lays out the essentials and provides step-by-step instructions, schematics, and illustrations. Discover how to select the right components, design and build circuits, use microcontrollers and ICs, work with the latest software tools, and test and tweak your creations. This easy-to-follow book features new instruction on programmable logic, semiconductors, operational amplifiers, voltage regulators, power supplies, digital electronics, and more. Coverage includes: • Resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers • Diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits • Optoelectronics, solar cells, and phototransistors • Sensors, GPS modules, and touch screens • Op amps, regulators, and power supplies • Digital electronics, LCDs, and logic gates • Microcontrollers and prototyping platforms • Combinational and sequential programmable logic • DC motors, RC servos, and stepper motors • Microphones, audio amps, and speakers • Modular electronics and prototypes

Table of Contents

A. ABOUT THE AUTHORS
B. PREFACE
C. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
1. Introduction to Electronics
2. Theory
3. Basic Electronic Circuit Components
4. Semiconductors
5. Optoelectronics
6. Sensors
7. Hands-on Electronics
8. Operational Amplifiers
9. Filters
10. Oscillators and Timers
11. Voltage Regulators and Power Supplies
12. Digital Electronics
13. Microcontrollers
14. Programmable Logic
15. Motors
16. Audio Electronics
17. Modular Electronics
A. Power Distribution and Home Wiring
B. Error Analysis
C. Useful Facts and Formulas

Tools & Media

figure (1 036)
table (64)

Expanded Table of Contents

A. ABOUT THE AUTHORS
PREFACE PRELIMINARIES
ABOUT THE TECHNICAL EDITORS
B. PREFACE
PREFACE PRELIMINARIES
Notes about the Fourth Edition
C. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
1. Introduction to Electronics
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
2. Theory
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
Theory of Electronics
Electric Current
Voltage
A Microscopic View of Conduction (for Those Who Are Interested)
Resistance, Resistivity, Conductivity
Insulators, Conductors, and Semiconductors
Heat and Power
Thermal Heat Conduction and Thermal Resistance
Wire Gauges
Grounds
Electric Circuits
Ohm’s Law and Resistors
Voltage and Current Sources
Measuring Voltage, Current, and Resistance
Combining Batteries
Open and Short Circuits
Kirchhoff’s Laws
Superposition Theorem
Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems
AC Circuits
AC and Resistors, RMS Voltage, and Current
Mains Power
Capacitors
Inductors
Modeling Complex Circuits
Complex Numbers
Circuit with Sinusoidal Sources
Power in AC Circuits (Apparent Power, Real Power, Reactive Power)
Thevenin’s Theorem in AC Form
Resonant Circuits
Lecture on Decibels
Input and Output Impedance
Two-Port Networks and Filters
Transient Circuits
Circuits with Periodic Nonsinusoidal Sources
Nonperiodic Sources
SPICE
3. Basic Electronic Circuit Components
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
Wires, Cables, and Connectors
Batteries
Switches
Relays
Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
Transformers
Fuses and Circuit Breakers
4. Semiconductors
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
Semiconductor Technology
Diodes
Transistors
Thyristors
Transient Voltage Suppressors
Integrated Circuits
5. Optoelectronics
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
A Little Lecture on Photons
Lamps
Light-Emitting Diodes
Photoresistors
Photodiodes
Solar Cells
Phototransistors
Photothyristors
Optoisolators
Optical Fiber
6. Sensors
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
General Principles
Temperature
Proximity and Touch
Movement, Force, and Pressure
Chemical
Light, Radiation, Magnetism, and Sound
GPS
7. Hands-on Electronics
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
Safety
Constructing Circuits
Multimeters
Oscilloscopes
The Electronics Laboratory
8. Operational Amplifiers
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
Operational Amplifier Water Analogy
How Op Amps Work (The “Cop-Out” Explanation)
Theory
Negative Feedback
Positive Feedback
Real Kinds of Op Amps
Op Amp Specifications
Powering Op Amps
Some Practical Notes
Voltage and Current Offset Compensation
Frequency Compensation
Comparators
Comparators with Hysteresis
Using Single-Supply Comparators
Window Comparator
Voltage-Level Indicator
Instrumentation Amplifiers
Applications
9. Filters
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
Things to Know Before You Start Designing Filters
Basic Filters
Passive Low-Pass Filter Design
A Note on Filter Types
Passive High-Pass Filter Design
Passive Bandpass Filter Design
Passive Notch Filter Design
Active Filter Design
Integrated Filter Circuits
10. Oscillators and Timers
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
RC Relaxation Oscillators
The 555 Timer IC
Voltage-Controlled Oscillators
Wien-Bridge and Twin-T Oscillators
LC Oscillators (Sinusoidal Oscillators)
Crystal Oscillators
Microcontroller Oscillators
11. Voltage Regulators and Power Supplies
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
Voltage-Regulator ICs
A Quick Look at a Few Regulator Applications
The Transformer
Rectifier Packages
A Few Simple Power Supplies
Technical Points about Ripple Reduction
Loose Ends
Switching Regulator Supplies (Switchers)
Switch-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS)
Kinds of Commercial Power Supply Packages
Power Supply Construction
12. Digital Electronics
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
The Basics of Digital Electronics
Logic Gates
Combinational Devices
Logic Families
Powering and Testing Logic ICs
Sequential Logic
Counter ICs
Shift Registers
Analog/Digital Interfacing
Displays
Memory Devices
13. Microcontrollers
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
Basic Structure of a Microcontroller
Example Microcontrollers
Evaluation/Development Boards
Arduino
Interfacing with Microcontrollers
14. Programmable Logic
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
Programmable Logic
FPGAs
ISE and the Elbert V2
The Elbert 2 Board
Downloads
Drawing Your FPGA Logic Design
Verilog
Describing Your FPGA Design in Verilog
Modular Design
Simulation
VHDL
15. Motors
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
DC Continuous Motors
Speed Control of DC Motors
Directional Control of DC Motors
RC Servos
Stepper Motors
Kinds of Stepper Motors
Driving Stepper Motors
Controlling the Driver with a Translator
A Final Word on Identifying Stepper Motors
16. Audio Electronics
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
A Little Lecture on Sound
Microphones
Microphone Specifications
Audio Amplifiers
Preamplifiers
Mixer Circuits
A Note on Impedance Matching
Speakers
Crossover Networks
Simple ICs Used to Drive Speakers
Audible-Signal Devices
Miscellaneous Audio Circuits
17. Modular Electronics
CHAPTER PRELIMINARIES
There’s an IC for It
Breakout Boards and Modules
Plug-and-Play Prototyping
Open Source Hardware
A. Power Distribution and Home Wiring
APPENDIX PRELIMINARIES
Power Distribution
A Closer Look at Three-Phase Electricity
Home Wiring
Electricity in Other Countries
B. Error Analysis
APPENDIX PRELIMINARIES
Absolute Error, Relative Error, and Percent Error
Uncertainty Estimates
C. Useful Facts and Formulas
APPENDIX PRELIMINARIES
Greek Alphabet
Powers of 10 Unit Prefixes
Linear Functions (y = mx + b)
Quadratic Equation (y = ax2 + bx + c)
Exponents and Logarithms
Trigonometry
Complex Numbers
Differential Calculus
Integral Calculus

1

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Toshiba Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co. Ltd. Japan

Ucb: 1500V
Ic: 8A
β (Ic/Ib): –
N: 125W
F: –
Tmax: –




Mbsm.pro , principe de fonctionnement d’un transistor

images.png (4 KB)

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Description du transistor

Le transistor est un composant d’où sortent 3 fils électriques. Ils sont dénommés B (base), C (collecteur), et E (émetteur).

Voici un dessin du transistor BC 547, agrandi quatre fois :

transistor
Un tel transistor coûte de l’ordre de 10 FB dans les magasins de composants électronique.

Voici la représentation classique du transistor dans les schémas électroniques :

transistor

Le principe de fonctionnement

  • Si on branche une source de tension entre les bornes C et E, le transistor ne laisse pas passer de courant (fig. 1).
  • Par contre, entre B et E il y a un court-circuit. Si on veut faire passer un courant précis entre B et E, il faut utiliser une source de tension et une résistance (fig. 2).
  • Si on envoie un courant de IB ampères entre B et E, alors le transistor acceptera de laisser passer un courant de IC = ß . IBampères entre C et E (fig. 3). Dans ce cas ci, ß vaut de l’ordre de 100.

 

circuit electronique
Les schémas électroniques correspondants aux dessins des figures 1, 2 et 3 sont représentés par les figures 4, 5 et 6 :

circuit electronique
Note : Pour ceux qui voudraient essayer ces branchements : une seule pile de 9 Volts peut jouer le rôle des deux piles (fig. 7 et 8) :

circuit electronique
Faites attention à la polarité : mettez bien le pôle positif et le pôle négatif de la pile au bon endroit. Le sens du courant est important pour un transistor.

Le BC 547 est un transistor un peu faible pour allumer une lampe. Vous aurez peut-être intérêt à utiliser un transistor plus puissant, comme par exemple le BD 649. En voici un dessin, agrandi deux fois :

transistor
Au début, en faisant des erreurs de branchement ou en faisant dissiper une énergie trop importante au transistor, vous risquez fort d’en brûler quelques uns. C’est normal.

La raison pour laquelle on soustrait systématiquement 0,7 Volts de la tension UBE est que les transistors bipolaires actuels contiennent une diode “parasite”. La tension soustraite dépend du type de semiconducteur utilisé : 0,7 Volts pour le silicium, et 0,2 Volts pour le germanium.




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